What do White Blood Cells in Urine Mean? Symptoms, Reasons, and How to Treat It

Posted On February 19, 2025

White blood cells play a crucial role in the body’s immune system, fighting off infections and foreign invaders. However, when they appear in the urine, it may be a sign that something isn’t quite right in the urinary tract or elsewhere in the body.

In this blog post, our experts at SIDS Hospital being the best urologists in Surat explain what leukocytes, or white blood cells, in urine indicate, the symptoms you might experience, possible causes, and how they are treated.

What Are Leukocytes in Urine?

Leukocytes are a type of white blood cell that helps protect the body from infections. While it’s normal to have small amounts of leukocytes in urine, a high concentration often suggests an underlying issue, such as infection or inflammation.

Leukocytes in urine are typically detected through a urine test, often accompanied by a dipstick test or a microscopic examination performed at the best hospitals in Surat. If a significant number of leukocytes are found, it may prompt further investigation to identify the cause.

Symptoms of Leukocytes in Urine

In many cases, leukocytes in urine are a sign of a problem in the urinary system. Depending on the underlying cause, you may experience the following symptoms:

1. Painful Urination (Dysuria): A burning or stinging sensation while urinating.
2. Frequent Urination: An increased need to urinate, sometimes with only small amounts of urine passed.
3. Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine: Changes in the appearance or odor of urine.
4. Pelvic or Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or cramping in the lower abdomen.
5. Blood in Urine (Hematuria): In some cases, urine may appear pink or red due to the presence of blood.
6. Fever and Chills: If an infection has spread, you may develop systemic symptoms like fever, chills, or fatigue.

What Causes Leukocytes in Urine?

Several conditions can lead to an increase in leukocytes in urine. Some of the most common causes include:

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

● UTIs are the most common cause of leukocytes in urine. They occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and cause an infection.

● Common symptoms include painful urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine.

2. Kidney Infections (Pyelonephritis)

● A kidney infection is a more severe type of UTI that affects kidneys.

● Symptoms may include back pain, fever, nausea, and chills, in addition to the typical signs of a UTI.

3. Bladder Infections (Cystitis)

● Inflammation or infection of the bladder can cause leukocytes in urine.

● Symptoms often include pelvic discomfort, frequent urination, and a sense of urgency.

4. Kidney Stones

● Kidney stones can irritate the urinary tract, causing inflammation and the presence of leukocytes in urine.

● Symptoms include severe pain in the back or side, nausea, and blood in urine.

5. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

● Certain STIs, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, can cause inflammation in the urinary tract, leading to leukocytes in urine.

● Symptoms may include unusual discharge, pain during intercourse, or pelvic pain.

6. Interstitial Cystitis

● Also known as painful bladder syndrome, this condition causes chronic inflammation of the bladder.

● Symptoms include pelvic pain, frequent urination, and discomfort.

7. Prostatitis

● In men, inflammation of the prostate gland can cause leukocytes to appear in urine.

● Symptoms may include pain during urination, difficulty urinating, or pelvic discomfort.

8. Autoimmune Disorders

● Certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, can cause inflammation in the kidneys (lupus nephritis) and result in leukocytes in urine.

9. Pregnancy

● Hormonal changes and increased pressure on the bladder during pregnancy can sometimes lead to leukocytes in urine. Pregnant women are also at higher risk for UTIs, which can cause leukocytes to appear.

Diagnosis of Leukocytes in Urine

If leukocytes are detected in your urine, your doctor may recommend additional tests to identify the underlying cause:

● Urinalysis: A detailed analysis of urine to check for white blood cells, bacteria, protein, or blood.

● Urine Culture: Identifies specific bacteria causing an infection.

● Imaging Tests: Ultrasounds or CT scans may be used to detect kidney stones, structural abnormalities, or signs of inflammation.

● Blood Tests: Can reveal systemic infections or signs of kidney damage.

Treatment for Leukocytes in Urine

Treatment depends on the cause of the leukocytes in urine. Common approaches include:

1. Antibiotics

● If a bacterial infection, such as a UTI or kidney infection, is the cause, antibiotics are the standard treatment.

● It’s important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve.

2. Pain Management

● Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate pain or discomfort.

3. Increased Hydration

● Drinking plenty of water helps flush out bacteria and keeps the urinary tract functioning properly.

4. Treating Underlying Conditions

● For conditions like kidney stones, treatment may involve medications, lifestyle changes, or procedures to break up the stones.

● In cases of autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed.

5. Lifestyle Adjustments

● Avoiding irritants like caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods can reduce bladder irritation.

● Proper hygiene practices can prevent infections, particularly for women who are more prone to UTIs.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience symptoms like painful urination, frequent urination, blood in urine, or fever, it’s essential to consult a doctor or consider visiting SIDS Hospital, one of the best urology hospitals in Surat. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and promote faster recovery.

Final Thoughts

Leukocytes in urine are often a sign of an underlying condition, such as an infection, inflammation, or other urinary tract issues. While the presence of leukocytes is not always a cause for alarm, it’s important to identify and address the root cause promptly by one of the best urologists in Surat.

If you suspect something unusual with your urine or experience persistent symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation.